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John Mackinnon Robertson PC (14 November 1856〔Page, Martin. (1984) ''Britain's Unknown Genius An Introduction to the Life-Work of John Mackinnon Robertson''. London: South Place Ethical Society, p. 13. ISBN 0902368109〕 – 5 January 1933〔Wells, G.A. Ed. (1987) ''J.M. Robertson (1856–1933) Liberal, Rationalist, and Scholar: An Assessment by Several Hands Edited by G.A. Wells''. London; Pemberton, p. 26. ISBN 0301870012〕) was a prolific journalist, advocate of rationalism and secularism, and Liberal Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom for Tyneside from 1906 to 1918. == Biography == Robertson was born in Brodrick the Isle of Arran but his father moved the family to Stirling while he was still young where he attended school until the age of 13. He worked first as a clerk and then as a journalist, eventually becoming assistant editor of the Edinburgh Evening News.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url =http://www.workerseducation.org/crutch/others/movements/robertsonbio.html )〕 He wrote in February 1906 to a friend that he "gave up the 'divine'" when he was a teenager.〔Wells, G.A. Ed. (1987) ''J.M. Robertson (1856–1933) Liberal, Rationalist, and Scholar: An Assessment by Several Hands Edited by G.A. Wells''. London; Pemberton, p. 13. ISBN 0301870012〕 His first contact with the freethought movement was as lecture by Charles Bradlaugh in Edinburgh in 1878 and became active in the Edinburgh Secular Society,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://edinburghsecularsociety.com/about/ )〕 soon after.〔 It was through the Edinburgh Secular Society that he met William Archer and became writer for the Edinburgh Evening News.〔 Before moving to London to become assistant editor of Bradlaugh's paper ''National Reformer'', subsequently taking over as editor on Bradlaugh's death in 1891.〔 The ''National Reformer'' finally closed in 1893. Robertson was also an appointed lecturer for the freethinking South Place Ethical Society〔(【引用サイトリンク】url =http://www.ethicalsoc.org.uk/history.htm )〕 from 1899 until the 1920s. An advocate of the "New Liberalism,"〔https://books.google.com.au/books?id=2XWGuS25msYC&pg=PA45&dq=duncan+tanner+new+liberal+ministers+junior&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMIuYSxodOcxwIVIRfbCh2xCQBX#v=onepage&q=duncan%20tanner%20new%20liberal%20ministers%20junior&f=false〕 Robertson's political radicalism developed in the 1880s and 1890s, and he first stood for Parliament in 1895, failing to win Bradlaugh's old seat in Northampton as an independent radical liberal. Robertson was a staunch free trader and his ''Trade and Tariffs'' (1908) "became a bible for free-traders pursuing the case for cheap food and the expansion of trade".〔Michael Freeden, '(Robertson, John Mackinnon (1856–1933) )', ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006, accessed 5 April 2009.〕 In 1915 he was appointed to the Privy council. At the 1918 General election, as a Liberal candidate he contested Wallsend, a constituency based largely on his Tyneside seat, but finished third. In 1923 he contested the General Election as Liberal candidate for Hendon without success. Robertson died in London in 1933.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「J. M. Robertson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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